Building Biology Standard:
Chemical Pollutants

Volatile organic compounds

1 Formaldehyde (VOC)

2 Solvents (VOC)

3 Pesticides (SVOC)

Heavy metals and
particulate matter

4 Heavy metals

5 Particles and fibers

6 Indoor climate

Air humidity
Carbon dioxide
Air ions
Odors

1 Formaldehyde and other toxic gases

Anomaly

Formaldehyde

Extreme

> 100

> 0.08

µg/m3

ppm

No

< 20

< 0.016

Slight

20–50

0.016–0.04

Severe

50–100

0.04–0.08

2 Solvents and other volatile organic
compounds (VOC)

Anomaly

Solvents (VOC)

Extreme

> 1000

The building biology guideline values apply to the sum of all volatile organic compounds (TVOC).
For the evaluation of individual substances, see the AGÖF Guidance Values for Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air or the Indoor Air Guide Values by the German Federal Environnment Agency (UBA) (at least take action if the RWI values are exceeded).

µg/m3

No

< 100

Slight

100–300

Severe

300–1000

3 Pesticides and other semivolatile organic
compounds (SVOC)

Anomaly

Pesticides Air

Dust

Extreme

> 100

> 60

> 2000

> 10

> 10

> 200

> 1000

> 5

> 20

The building biology guideline values apply to individual substances, with the exception of PCBs.

Wood

Material with skin contact

Flame retardants

Chlorinated in dust

Halogen-free in dust

Plasticizers Dust

PCBs Dust

PAHs Dust

ng/m3

mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

mg/kg

No

< 5

< 10

< 100

< 0.5

< 0.5

< 5

< 100

< 0.5

< 0.5

Slight

5–25

10–30

100–500

0.5–2

0.5–2

5–50

100–250

0.5–2

0.5–2

Severe

25–100

30–60

500–2000

2–10

2–10

50–200

250–1000

2–5

2–20

4 Heavy metals and other similar toxins

Building biology guideline values for heavy metals are not yet available.
For an assessment tool, see AGÖF Guidance Values for Semivolatile Compounds and Heavy Metals in House Dust (in German).

5 Particles and fibers

Indoor concentration levels of particulate matter, fibers, or dust should be lower than the normal, uncontaminated outdoor concentration levels.

Asbestos and mineral fibers should be undetectable or only minimally detectable in the indoor air, on surfaces, or in house dust.

6 Indoor climate

Anomaly

Relative humidity

Carbon dioxide

Small air ions

Anomaly

Extreme

< 20 / > 80

> 1,500

> 1,500

Very unpleasant

Unacceptable

There should be no individual odors that are perceived as disturbing.

Odors

% RH

ppm

/cm3

Extreme

No

40–60

< 700

< 500

None

None

None

Slight

30–40 / 60–70

700–1,000

200–1,000

Slight

Still acceptable

Not unpleasant

Severe

20–30 / 70–80

1,000–1,500

1,000–1,500

Severe

Unpleasant

Hardly
acceptable

All Building Biology Standard (SBM) documents are available as a free download:

SBM-2024 EN | DE Release Notes of SBM-2024 EN | DE SBM-2015 EN | DE

SBM © Baubiologie Maes & Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit IBN

Last modified on 13 February 2025